Inflorescence of sandfood (<em>Pholisma sonorae</em>)
Author
C. Matt Guilliams San Diego State University Biology San Diego California USA
Keywords
C. Matt Guilliams, Pholisma sonorae, Coanat Awards
Description
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The Algodones Dunes of southeastern California and northeastern
Baja California can be quite an inhospitable place. Temperatures
in the summer seldom drop below 105 degrees Fahrenheit, rain
is a scant 2 inches per year on average, and active sand creates
challenges for even the most versatile of organisms. Many
highly specialized plant species have become adapted to life
on the Algodones Dunes. Termed endemic species, these plants
are found nowhere else in the world. Most peculiar of the
Algodones Dunes endemic species is Pholisma sonorae,
commonly known as sandfood. P. sonorae is a holorhizoparasite,
meaning that it invades and persists within the root system
of host plants such as Tiquilia plicata and Eriogonum
deserticola, from which it steals essential sugars without
providing any benefit to the host. During the flowering period
of P. sonorae, it develops a fleshy-stemmed shoot
that pushes upward through the sand, eventually terminating
in a "mushroom-shaped" inflorescence at the surface.
The inflorescence, shown in this picture, is quite impressive
to behold. It is even more impressive when one considers that
the host roots are often up to 6 feet below the surface of
the dunes!